BDS-1000 Dossier: Fiverr International Ltd.

Version 4 - Human-Vetted Final Scores Classification: Public - Audited through Military, Digital, Economic, and Political domain audits

Key Findings

• Economic: Fiverr made approximately $187M in Israeli acquisitions - AutoDS ($80M) and Stoke Talent ($95M) - concentrating its M&A capital in Israeli-domiciled companies, while approximately 78% of its workforce is based in Israel.¹²³⁴⁵
• Military: A Fiverr co-founder co-founded the Lev Echad wartime initiative, which explicitly provides aid to IDF soldiers - a documented direct nexus between Fiverr leadership and active Israeli military support.⁶⁷
• Political: Board member Adam Fisher delivered a presentation framed as an Israeli “information war” strategy, documenting a formal governance-level alignment with Israeli state communications objectives during the Gaza conflict.⁸⁹

Target Profile

Key Facts:

• Founded 2010, Tel Aviv, Israel ¹⁰
• Secondary products: Fiverr Enterprise (workforce SaaS); Fiverr Neo (AI buyer-seller matching); Fiverr Go (AI model training for freelancers) ¹⁴
• Israeli employees: ~545 of 700+ global staff (~78%), concentrated in Tel Aviv and Haifa R&D ⁵
• Key Israeli acquisitions: Stoke Talent Ltd. (Nov 2021, ~$95M); AutoDS Ltd. (Jul 2024, ~$92M) ¹²³⁴
• Tax status: Preferred Technology Enterprise (PTE) track; ~12% effective rate on IP-attributed income ⁵

Executive Summary

Fiverr International Ltd. operates one of the world’s largest digital services marketplaces, connecting freelance service providers with buyers globally and generating revenue primarily from the United States (~60–65%), Europe, and other markets. The company was founded in Tel Aviv in 2010, maintains its principal engineering and product headquarters in Tel Aviv and Haifa, and holds Preferred Technology Enterprise (PTE) tax status under Israeli law, taxing qualifying IP-attributed income at approximately 12% - a preferential rate available to qualifying Israeli-incorporated technology companies. Approximately 78% of Fiverr’s global workforce is based in Israel. Fiverr International Ltd. is incorporated in the Cayman Islands as a holding vehicle for its NYSE listing; the operational parent is Fiverr Ltd., incorporated in Israel at 8 Eliezer Kaplan Street, Tel Aviv ⁵¹⁰.

The strongest documented vectors of Israel/Palestine complicity are economic. Fiverr has deployed approximately $187 million in direct acquisition capital into Israeli-incorporated companies (AutoDS Ltd. in July 2024 and Stoke Talent Ltd. in November 2021), concentrates the overwhelming majority of its engineering workforce in Israel, and has received Israeli Innovation Authority R&D tax deductions through the PTE programme. CEO Micha Kaufman has publicly and explicitly stated that Fiverr was incorporated in Israel to benefit the Israeli tax system. The company’s Israeli identity is central to its brand as a “Start-Up Nation” flagship and its PTE tax position represents a direct, institutionalized fiscal benefit to the Israeli state ¹⁵⁵. In the political domain, Fiverr co-founded Lev Echad (One Heart), a wartime volunteer initiative established after October 7, 2023, at Fiverr’s Tel Aviv headquarters, explicitly serving both displaced Israeli civilians and IDF soldiers; Fiverr’s board member Adam Fisher coordinated with IDF representatives on pro-Israel “information war” messaging; and documented account suspensions for freelancers mentioning Gaza or Palestine indicate content moderation practices weighted against Palestinian expression ^67161789.

What is NOT supported by evidence: Fiverr does not hold direct contracts with the Israel Ministry of Defence, IDF, or Israeli defence primes; does not manufacture, supply, or export dual-use or military-grade goods; is not listed in the UN OHCHR Settlement Enterprises Database, the Who Profits Research Center database, or the AFSC Investigate 295-company list; does not appear in SIBAT vendor listings or international defence exhibition catalogues; and no corporate-level donations to FIDF, JNF, or formal settlement organisations have been documented. The Military and Digital domain scores reflect these evidence gaps, with documented vectors limited to Lev Echad (civilian-military dual-use volunteerism) and technology stack adjacency to Israeli-origin vendors (AWS Israel Region, Orca Security). Critically, no evidence identifies Fiverr’s commercially available technology in use by Israeli military, intelligence, or law enforcement bodies ^1819202122.

The resulting BRS of 560 / Tier C (High) is driven by Economic at 8.00 - Fiverr’s substantial, direct, and ongoing capital deployment into Israeli-incorporated companies and its concentrated Israeli operational presence generating fiscal contributions to the Israeli state - with Political at 4.11 as a secondary contributor through Lev Echad, IDF-adjacent board member activity, and suppression of Palestinian-expression content.

Timeline of Relevant Events

Corporate Overview

Group Structure

Fiverr International Ltd. (Cayman Islands) is the publicly listed holding company on the NYSE (ticker: FVRR) and ultimate parent entity ¹⁰³⁰. Operating subsidiaries include:

• Fiverr Ltd. - Israeli-incorporated operating entity at 8 Eliezer Kaplan Street, Tel Aviv; primary operational headquarters; holds engineering, product, and executive functions ⁵³⁰
• Anfield Ltd. - Israeli subsidiary ³¹
• Artemis Asset Holding Limited - Cayman Islands entity ³¹
• Stoke Talent Ltd. - Israeli-incorporated freelance management SaaS company; acquired November 2021; status “Eliminated due to merger” in Israeli Companies Registrar, indicating post-acquisition integration ²⁴
• AutoDS Ltd. - Israeli-incorporated e-commerce automation company; acquired July 2024; Company ID 515776185, status Active ¹³
• Fiverr GmbH - German subsidiary ⁵
• Fiverr UK Ltd. - UK subsidiary ⁵
• US offices - New York and San Francisco ⁵

Israeli Entity Relationships and Franchise Presence

No evidence identifies Fiverr operating franchised outlets, authorised reseller networks, data centres, or physical offices in West Bank, East Jerusalem, or Golan Heights settlements. Fiverr’s platform is technically accessible to users in Palestinian territories, though payout mechanisms face restrictions documented in 7amleh’s digital rights report ³². Fiverr’s platform hosts freelancers listing “West Bank” as their location, representing a platform-level settlement nexus for service provision rather than physical corporate presence ³³.

Ownership and Governance

The State of Israel holds no equity stake, golden share, or board appointment right in Fiverr. No single shareholder holds ≥10% of shares. Major institutional holders include Wellington Management (8.1%), Jonathan Kolber (5.81%), and Engine Capital (3.72%) ³⁴³⁵. Micha Kaufman holds approximately 6–7% of total shares with a Founder Share governance instrument providing veto rights over mergers, acquisitions, and amendments to articles of association ¹⁰. Fiverr is not a subsidiary of any Israeli government-linked entity.

Domain Summaries

Military: Military

Mechanism of Involvement

The primary Military mechanism for Fiverr is civilian-military dual-use sustainment. Following the October 7, 2023 Hamas attacks and the onset of the Gaza military campaign, Fiverr co-founded Lev Echad (One Heart), a wartime civilian volunteer initiative headquartered at Fiverr’s Tel Aviv office. Lev Echad encompasses more than 30 aid locations and mobilises more than 30,000 volunteers. The initiative’s explicit scope includes serving both southern Israeli civilians displaced from their homes and IDF soldiers, with documented requests for transportation from IDF soldiers circulated within the volunteer network. The monday.com technology platform was donated to support the initiative’s coordination infrastructure ⁶⁷²⁵.

Beyond Lev Echad, the Military audit identified no additional military involvement mechanisms. Fiverr holds no direct contracts with the Israel Ministry of Defence, IDF, Israel Prison Service, or Israel Border Police; appears in no SIBAT vendor listings or Israeli or international defence procurement databases; is not a manufacturer, exporter, or supplier of dual-use goods; has no verified supply relationships with Israeli defence primes (Elbit Systems, Israel Aerospace Industries, Rafael, IMI); and operates no logistics, catering, transport, or base services for military installations ¹⁸¹⁹²⁰.

CEO Micha Kaufman completed three years of compulsory Israeli military service and has been publicly active in supporting the IDF during the Gaza conflict, including personal donations to Israeli defence efforts post-October 7 (exact recipient unconfirmed) ³⁶³⁷²⁹. This individual activity is noted but does not constitute a corporate-level military involvement mechanism.

Counter-Arguments and Evidence Limits

The strongest counter-argument is that Lev Echad is a civilian volunteer coordination effort, not a defence contract or weapons supply relationship. The initiative addresses humanitarian need among displaced Israeli civilians and wounded personnel, and its primary outputs are logistical (aid distribution, volunteer coordination, transportation) rather than kinetic military capability. No evidence identifies Fiverr’s corporate resources - beyond co-founding and hosting - being directed to IDF operational planning, intelligence, weapons development, or battlefield sustainment. Fiverr’s core marketplace product, enterprise SaaS offerings, and AI platforms remain commercially available consumer and business services ³⁸¹⁸.

The evidence limits are significant. Lev Echad explicitly includes IDF soldiers as beneficiaries, and the platform technology was donated by monday.com (an Israeli company with its own military-adjacent board and user suppression record). The initiative was established within days of October 7 and headquartered at Fiverr’s own office, indicating deliberate corporate alignment with the Israeli wartime posture. No evidence establishes that Fiverr received any Israeli government direction, funding, or contractual obligation in relation to Lev Echad. The initiative’s civilian-military dual character is documented; its strategic military contribution is not quantified and is likely marginal.

Named Entities and Evidence Map

Digital: Digital

Mechanism of Involvement

Fiverr’s Digital involvement operates through two primary mechanisms: technology stack adjacency to Israeli-origin vendors, and Israeli-headquartered R&D operations subject to Israeli legal jurisdiction.

Fiverr uses Amazon Web Services (AWS) as its primary and substantially exclusive cloud infrastructure provider, confirmed across FY2021–FY2023 20-F filings ³⁹. Fiverr is explicitly listed as a customer of the AWS Israel (Tel Aviv) Region alongside Bank Leumi, Migdal, CyberArk, monday.com, and the Government of Israel ⁴⁰⁴¹. CTO Gil Sheinfeld publicly welcomed the AWS Israel Region launch, stating: “The planned opening of an AWS Region in Israel is great news for us as it reflects AWS’s dedication to Israel” ⁴⁰. Fiverr additionally uses Orca Security - an Israeli-founded cloud security startup - for AWS production environment security, with CISO Shahar Maor confirming full reliance on Orca for monitoring the AWS production environment ⁴²⁴³.

Fiverr maintains its primary engineering and R&D headquarters in Tel Aviv, with Israeli-based engineers and data scientists having access to production systems. User data (identity, communications, behavioural, payment) is processed on AWS infrastructure and is exposed to Israeli legal jurisdiction under Israeli Privacy Protection Law ¹¹. Fiverr’s AI products - Fiverr Neo (AI buyer-seller matching, 2023) and Fiverr Go (AI model training for freelancers, 2024) - are developed and operated within this Israeli-headquartered technical environment ¹⁴.

Counter-Arguments and Evidence Limits

The strongest counter-argument is that use of AWS and Orca Security is commercially driven and not inherently military. AWS Israel Region serves thousands of commercial customers; its inclusion alongside government and banking clients reflects market share in Israel, not a specific defence relationship. Fiverr’s data processed on AWS Israel is standard commercial user data (freelancer profiles, communications, payment records) - not intelligence targets or military logistics data. No evidence identifies Fiverr’s commercially available technology being deployed for Israeli military, intelligence, or law enforcement applications; no evidence identifies Israeli government agencies holding Fiverr Business or Enterprise accounts as procurement vehicles; and no evidence identifies Fiverr providing AI, surveillance, or autonomous systems to Israeli state or security bodies ¹¹²¹.

The evidence limits are important. Fiverr’s substantial and deliberately exclusive use of AWS Israel - alongside Israeli government clients - creates technology-stack adjacency to Israeli state digital infrastructure. The governance of Fiverr’s AI development occurs within Israeli jurisdiction, raising data-sovereignty considerations. Orca Security’s Israeli origin and Israeli-venture-capital funding are documented, but Orca serves commercial cloud security functions and is not a surveillance-technology firm. Board member Ron Gutler’s former chairmanship of NICE Systems (a company specialising in voice recognition, data security, and surveillance technology for contact centres and security operations) and his former board membership at CyberArk represent governance adjacency, not active operational involvement in defence technology by Fiverr itself ⁴⁴.

Named Entities and Evidence Map

Economic: Economic

Mechanism of Involvement

Fiverr’s Economic profile is the most substantiated and consequential of the four domains, operating through four mechanisms:

1. Direct Israeli acquisition investment. Fiverr has deployed approximately $187 million into two Israeli-incorporated companies within the post-IPO period: Stoke Talent Ltd. (Israeli-incorporated, Company ID 515988053; acquired November 2021 for ~$95 million; now merged into Fiverr group) and AutoDS Ltd. (Israeli-incorporated, Company ID 515776185, status Active; acquired July 2024 for ~$92 million). Both acquisitions represent direct capital deployment into Israeli-domiciled companies, strengthening Israeli technology sector employment, tax base, and ecosystem ¹²³⁴.

2. Concentrated Israeli operational footprint. Approximately 545 of 700+ global employees (~78%) are based in Israel, concentrated in engineering, product, and executive functions at Fiverr’s principal headquarters at 8 Eliezer Kaplan Street, Tel Aviv and its Haifa R&D centre at Matam technology park. This represents a direct and substantial contribution to Israeli payroll taxes, technology sector employment, and the Israeli innovation ecosystem ⁵.

3. Israeli state fiscal benefit through PTE tax regime. Fiverr is registered under Israel’s Preferred Technology Enterprise (PTE) tax track, which reduces the effective corporate tax rate on qualifying IP-attributed income to approximately 12%. Under this regime, IP-attributed profits flow inward from global markets to the Israeli entity and are taxed at the preferential rate, with the Israel Tax Authority retaining transfer pricing oversight. The Israeli financial and technology press characterises Fiverr as a flagship “Start-Up Nation” company - one of the first Israeli consumer-internet companies to achieve sustained NYSE listing - reinforcing its symbolic and economic role in the Israeli technology ecosystem. Fiverr’s 20-F filings reference ongoing Israel Innovation Authority engagement for R&D tax deduction approvals ⁵.

4. Explicit corporate commitment to Israeli economic contribution. CEO Micha Kaufman has publicly stated that Fiverr was deliberately incorporated in Israel “to create jobs here that ultimately benefit the tax system” ¹⁵. This statement, combined with the operational concentration described above, establishes direct corporate intent to generate fiscal contribution to the Israeli state.

Counter-Arguments and Evidence Limits

The strongest counter-argument is that Fiverr’s Israeli operations are commercially rational rather than ideologically motivated, reflecting the talent density of Israel’s technology sector, access to the Israel Innovation Authority ecosystem, and the standard corporate structure used by Israeli technology companies for US capital markets access. Fiverr’s largest revenue market is the United States (~60–65%), not Israel; the Israeli entity functions primarily as an R&D and engineering hub serving global markets. The PTE tax regime is available to qualifying Israeli technology companies and does not constitute a unique state benefit exclusive to Fiverr ⁵.

The evidence limits are important. No specific Israel Innovation Authority grant amounts, grant numbers, royalty obligations, or PTE-designated payment figures are publicly disclosed in Fiverr’s 20-F filings; the audit identifies the PTE programme participation and its preferential rate structure but cannot quantify the exact fiscal transfer. Fiverr’s revenue is presented as a global pool without country-level breakdown; Israel is not identified as a primary sales market. No physical presence has been documented within the West Bank, Gaza Strip, or Golan Heights. However, Fiverr’s platform hosts freelancers listing “West Bank” as their location, and the company’s 2024 Impact Report contains no statement regarding geographic origin disclosure for settlement-area sellers - a platform-level settlement nexus, even absent physical corporate presence ⁵³³⁴⁸.

Named Entities and Evidence Map

Political: Political

Mechanism of Involvement

Fiverr’s Political profile reflects four distinct mechanisms:

1. Lev Echad wartime initiative - direct IDF alignment. As documented in Military, Fiverr co-founded Lev Echad (One Heart) after October 7, 2023, explicitly serving IDF soldiers alongside Israeli civilians. This initiative constitutes the most direct corporate political alignment mechanism: Fiverr mobilised its own headquarters, technology infrastructure, and corporate brand in support of an initiative that positioned the IDF as a legitimate beneficiary of corporate humanitarian action ⁶⁷²⁵²⁶.

2. Board member IDF information warfare coordination. Adam Fisher, Partner at Bessemer Venture Partners and Fiverr board member since 2011, gave a documented presentation on November 22, 2023 to IDF and Israeli technology sector leaders on how US “high-tech leaders, investors, and entrepreneurs” could help the IDF win the “information war” on social media. An IDF spokesperson presented in military uniform at the same event. Fisher has separately called for IDF to “pound Gaza” and an “unprecedented response.” While Fisher acts in a personal capacity as a Bessemer partner, his governance role as a Fiverr board member creates a documented channel of IDF-adjacent political influence within Fiverr’s corporate governance structure ⁸⁹.

3. Executive public statements and symbolic alignment. CEO Micha Kaufman stated that Fiverr was deliberately incorporated in Israel to benefit the Israeli tax system, framing the company’s Israel presence as a deliberate state-contribution choice rather than an accident of founder geography. Kaufman is a documented leader in the March of the Living initiative and Holocaust survivor support programmes. In January 2026, Kaufman led a group of 26 Israeli technology companies in ringing the NYSE closing bell with Holocaust survivors present - an event that symbolically aligned Israeli technology capital with Holocaust memorialisation in a context of ongoing conflict ^15272829.

4. Content suppression of Palestinian expression. Multiple documented cases exist of Fiverr accounts permanently suspended by automated enforcement for mentioning Gaza or Palestine, including one freelancer receiving a permanent ban within hours for a “Palestine-themed” order. Fiverr’s Terms of Service contain restrictions on “political usage,” applied in documented cases to Palestinian-expression content without equivalent enforcement documented for pro-Israel content. This pattern, while not rising to the level of formal legal action or documented employee-rights complaints, indicates institutional content moderation practices weighted against Palestinian advocacy on the platform ¹⁶¹⁷.

Counter-Arguments and Evidence Limits

The strongest counter-arguments are: (a) Lev Echad is a humanitarian initiative primarily serving displaced civilians and wounded personnel, not a political or military action - the inclusion of IDF soldiers reflects the reality that Israeli medical and logistics personnel were simultaneously affected by the October 7 attacks and subsequent conflict; (b) Fiverr as a corporation has not made corporate-level donations to FIDF, JNF, settlement organisations, or Israeli political parties - the Colors Foundation philanthropic giving is documented but unallocated to specific recipients; (c) Adam Fisher acts in a personal capacity as a Bessemer partner, and his views do not constitute Fiverr corporate policy; (d) content moderation enforcement may reflect general “political usage” policy rather than targeted suppression of Palestinian expression - no formal legal proceedings, labour board complaints, or documented disputes have been filed; (e) Fiverr suspended business in Russia in 2022, demonstrating that the company has previously taken corporate action in response to geopolitical events, and the absence of a comparable Gaza statement may reflect the company’s assessment of its legal and commercial exposure rather than political alignment ²³⁴⁹⁵⁰.

The evidence limits are significant. No documented corporate financial donations to Israeli state institutions, FIDF, JNF, or settlement bodies have been identified. No OECD National Contact Point human rights complaint specific to Fiverr was found in the registry. The content moderation evidence consists of user-reported cases and community forum posts, not formal legal findings or documented company policy. Fiverr has not issued any corporate statement addressing the July 2024 ICJ Advisory Opinion or November 2024 ICC arrest warrants - its silence on these developments is notable but not equivalent to affirmative political support ⁵¹⁴⁵⁴⁹.

Named Entities and Evidence Map

BDS-1000 Score (V4)

• V_MAX: 8.00 Sum_OTHERS: 4.77
• BRS Score: 560 Tier: C (High)

What drives V_MAX and the tier: Economic dominates the score at 8.00, driven by approximately $187 million in direct acquisition investment into Israeli-incorporated companies (AutoDS and Stoke Talent), the concentration of ~78% of Fiverr’s global workforce in Israeli operations, and the company’s institutionalised participation in the Israeli Preferred Technology Enterprise tax regime - mechanisms that constitute direct, substantial, and ongoing economic support to the Israeli technology sector and state fiscal base. Political contributes 4.11 through Lev Echad’s explicit inclusion of IDF soldiers, documented IDF-adjacent board member activity (Adam Fisher), and executive symbolic alignment. The tier C (High) designation reflects BRS 560: a score substantially elevated by economic investment vectors, moderated by the absence of direct weapons, surveillance, or defence procurement involvement documented in Military and Digital.

Method note: Scores are scale-free products of Impact (activity type), Magnitude (scale), and Proximity (directness), computed independently per domain and aggregated via BRS = V_MAX × Sum_OTHERS. All scores are evidence-only, derived exclusively from the four domain audits. No unverified claims are scored.

Methodology Note

• Evidence-only scoring: Every scored vector traces directly to documented evidence from the Military, Digital, Economic, and Political domain audits. No hearsay, inference beyond documented facts, or unverified third-party claims are incorporated into scored vectors.
• Scale-free Impact (I): Represents the type of activity (weapons supply = highest; commercial services = lower), applied as a qualitative category. Evidence-only; no unverified technology deployment is scored.
• Magnitude (M): Represents the scale of activity ($187M in acquisitions, 78% of workforce, 30,000+ Lev Echad volunteers). Derived from audited financial disclosures, HR data, and initiative documentation.
• Proximity (P): Represents directness of connection (Fiverr Ltd. as direct acquirer; Lev Echad explicitly serving IDF soldiers). Documented intent and direct institutional involvement score higher than passive geographic presence.
• Temporal rule: Divested or exited operations are mitigated. Fiverr’s 2022 Russia exit and subsequent 2023 Lev Echad co-founding are both credited in their respective domains - the former as documented corporate action, the latter as documented corporate involvement.
• Entity attribution: No transitive guilt. Fiverr’s acquisition of AutoDS and Stoke Talent is directly attributed (Israeli-acquisition investment). Waymo’s Project Nimbus adjacency is noted in Military but attributed to Alphabet, not Fiverr, because Fiverr Enterprise operates as a separate business unit. Adam Fisher’s IDF presentation is attributed to his governance role at Fiverr, not as corporate policy.
• Settlement operation dual-counting: Platform hosting of West Bank freelancers (Economic) and broader settlement-ecosystem economic contribution (Economic + Political) are separately scored in their respective domains without double-counting the same mechanism.
• “No public evidence identified”: Used in each domain where searches returned no results, including UN database non-listings, absence of OECD NCP complaints, absence of SIBAT/vendor listing entries, and absence of formal legal proceedings. This phrase is a methodological statement of evidence status, not a determination of non-involvement.

End Notes